Recent analyses of Martian surface samples have unveiled the presence of ancient clay minerals, providing compelling evidence about the Red Planet’s primordial environment. These minerals, formed through prolonged interactions between water and volcanic rock, suggest that early Mars experienced conditions favorable for sustaining liquid water on its surface. Scientists emphasize that the chemical composition and layering of these clays reveal a history of shifting environmental parameters, potentially indicating a transition from a wetter, more temperate climate to the arid desert we observe today.

Key findings from NASA’s rover missions highlight:

  • Detection of iron- and magnesium-rich phyllosilicates, which form in neutral to mildly alkaline waters
  • Stratified deposits hinting at ancient lakes or…