In the decades following the 1995 wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park, researchers from Oregon State University have documented a remarkable resurgence in aspen populations. The apex predators’ return has indirectly restored the park’s ecosystem balance by curbing elk overgrazing, allowing young aspen shoots to thrive and mature. This trophic cascade effect highlights the wolves’ critical role in promoting biodiversity and habitat complexity within the park’s delicate environment.

Field studies reveal several key indicators of this recovery:

  • Increased aspen regeneration: Seedlings and saplings grow taller and are more plentiful compared to pre-wolf eras.
  • Reduced browsing pressure: Elk herds have shifted their behavior, reducing the intense pressure on young woody plants.
  • Improved habitat…