Coral reefs stand as one of the most complex and diverse marine habitats, yet their survival hinges on an intricate web of environmental and biological factors. The delicate symbiosis between corals and their algal partners, known as zooxanthellae, is critical to sustaining this biodiversity hotspot. Disruptions such as rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and pollution can rapidly destabilize this relationship, leading to mass bleaching and mortality events. Recent studies highlight how even minor changes in water chemistry or temperature can cascade into broader ecosystem consequences, threatening not only marine species but also the human communities that depend on them.

Key contributors to coral reef health include:

  • Water temperature stability
  • Clear,…